The concept of subject of metaphysics (i.e being qua being) has not usually been analyzed successfully throughout the history due to claim of its self- evidence. Nonetheless, the existence is regarded as the opposite of nonexistence. But since nonexistence has several meanings, the problem is: which sense of existence has been considered as opposite of nonexistence? We must, therefore, at first, grasp the different meanings nonexistence in order to obtain those of existence. Moreover, we will compare the acquired different meaning of being recognizing the several meaning of nonexistence in order to achieve the sheer existence targeted in metaphysics. Accordingly, that leads us to guarantee the possibility of metaphysics against skepticism and idealism as well. The particular being (not being qua being, or existent qua existent) is an objective in its widest sense which containing the mental one as well. It is actual not potential, realized contingency not non realized one, it is in the present not in the past or future, positive not negative, and it with these conditions, will be the object of the absolute reality.

The essence of cinema lies in its moving pictures, with the visual aspect holding particular significance. However, the human mind plays a distinct role in both the creation and perception of films. This is why some cinema theorists refer to it as ‘the art of the mind. ’ By evoking the viewer's feelings and emotions, a film engages with their mind. Avicenna's perspective highlights that the perception of partial meanings triggers emotional responses in the audience, a function attributed to the estimative faculty within the human soul. In Avicenna's philosophical framework, the soul comprises various faculties, each contributing to the perception of films or the creation of cinematic scenes according to their specific functions. One such influential faculty is the imagination. Nevertheless, Avicenna's psychological insights underscore the vital role of the Estimative Faculty in the perception of films. The estimative faculty, as one of the soul's most crucial faculties, plays a significant role in both the creation and comprehension of films. Its functions include perceiving partial meanings and cognitive errors. As a result, the estimative faculty often prevails over other mental faculties when an audience engages with a film. This article investigates the role of the Estimative Faculty in perceiving partial meanings, cognitive errors, imitation of inner emotions, and rendering partial judgments within the context of cinema. To illustrate the impact of this faculty, we offer a focused analysis of the horror genre and the school of expressionism in this regard.

In his various works, Ibn Sina has referred to different meanings of "All J is B", which his followers have called "ḥaqīqī" and "khārijī" propositions. Ibn Sina's examples for "khārijī proposition" are sometimes only related to the present time, sometimes related to past and present times, and his followers have extended these meanings to all three tenses: past, present, and future. To distinguish these three meanings, which have arranged from specific to general, I call them "specific," "intermediate," and "general" khārijī propositions. In this article, I show that for each meaning of khārijī proposition, its relation to a more general meaning of khārijī is similar to its relation to ḥaqīqī propositions, in that mixed khārijī-khārijī syllogisms (mixed of two kinds of khārijīs) have exactly the same rules as mixed khārijī-ḥaqīqī syllogisms.

Deficit irrigation is one of the irrigation management methods that is used to increase Water Use Efficiency. Considering the internal plant adaptability characteristic to water shortage, Partial Root Drying method has been introduced in recent years. In this field research improvement of Water Use Efficiency for Soybean was determined. This experiment which was conducted at four furrow irrigation treatments at the Research Field of Tehran University in Karaj in 2008, consists of full irrigation (100% soil moisture deficit compensation), conventional deficit irrigation at 50 and 75 percent soil moisture deficit compensation and Partial Root Drying at 50 percent soil moisture deficit compensation with three replications. The amounts of irrigation used were exactly compensation level (negligible loss). Results indicated that Water Use Efficiency according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the five percent level of probability there was a significant difference between partial root drying treatment (PRD50%) and conventional deficit irrigation treatment at fifty percent soil moisture deficit compensation (DI50%). Water Use Efficiency in PRD50% compared with DI50%, DI75% and full irrigation increased by 48.3%, 61.9% and 70.1% respectively.

2Deficit irrigation is one of the irrigation management methods that is used to increase Water Use Efficiency. Considering the internal plant adaptability characteristic to water shortage, Partial Root Drying method has been introduced in recent years. In this field research improvement of Water Use Efficiency for Soybean was determined. This experiment which was conducted at four furrow irrigation treatments at the Research Field of Tehran University in Karaj in 2008, consists of full irrigation (100% soil moisture deficit compensation), conventional deficit irrigation at 50 and 75 percent soil moisture deficit compensation and Partial Root Drying at 50 percent soil moisture deficit compensation with three replications. The amounts of irrigation used were exactly compensation level (negligible loss). Results indicated that Water Use Efficiency according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the five percent level of probability there was a significant difference between partial root drying treatment (PRD50%) and conventional deficit irrigation treatment at fifty percent soil moisture deficit compensation (DI50%),. Water Use Efficiency in PRD50% compared with DI50%, DI75% and full irrigation increased by 48.3%, 61.9% and 70.1% respectively.

Considering the incidence of pilonidal sinus and its relapse following routine procedures and for making a comparison between the partial closure and open methods, this study was performed on referrals of Shaheed Modarres hospital during the years 1998-1999. The clinical trial strategy of this study was performed on 48 patients. They were randomly divided into two control and case groups. For control group, the open method and routine procedures and for control group, an outpatient method and local anesthetics were applied. For the latter, the cyst (sinus) was removed and stitched by silk thread # 0. This method not only prevented hemorrhage, but also produced an operation area of less extent and less supporation and its treating is easier. After 5 days, the granulation tissue was formed and the sutures were removed. This procedure is a modified and converted form of open method and is accompanied with less infection and relapse (a modification to Dives method). Control group (n=24, 20 males and 4 females) consisted of patients at an average age of 27 years (from 18 to 36 years) and case group included 24 patients (22 males and 2 females) at an average age of 31 years (from 16 to 45 years). In both groups, the sinuses were similar regarding type and dimension. The wound extent in control group was from 15 to 25 mm and in the case group was from 12 to 18 mm. In addition, both of them did not show hemorrhage, one patient in control group had infection, and wound healing in control and case groups observed after 45 :t 5 and 25 :t 5 days respectively. It is concluded that partial closure method has less complications in the treatment of patients with pilonidal sinus.

Saghi-Nameh(tapster poems) is an important subjects in Persian literature. Saghi-Nameh is a kind of poetry in which the poet describes his/her ideas about life specially, human being, by using wine terms and addressing to the tapster (Saghi). Nezami Ganjavi is the first who composed an absolute Saghi-Nameh. Nezami has expressed his ideology about life and world, specially, Carpe Diem, by the means of addressing to the tapster, requesting from, and complaining to him/her. In this survey which is a library-analytical research, we will try to discuss quantitative and qualitative properties of addressing, requesting and complaining in Nezami’ s Saghi-Namehs. Complaint has three different axes in Nezami’ s Saghi-Namehs. In these poems he sometimes complains of the tapster, sometimes of himself/herself and sometimes of the life condition and the people of the time. Also, Nezami is well aware of the usages of different types of addressing, requesting and the intentions to convince his readers.